execute a command as another user

-n          The -n (non-interactive) option prevents sudo from prompting the user for a password.  If a
            password is required for the command to run, sudo will display an error messages and exit.

-e          The -e (edit) option indicates that, instead of running a command, the user wishes to edit
            one or more files.  In lieu of a command, the string "sudoedit" is used when consulting the
            security policy.  If the user is authorized by the policy, the following steps are taken:

            1.  Temporary copies are made of the files to be edited with the owner set to the invoking
                user.

            2.  The editor specified by the policy is run to edit the temporary files.  The sudoers
                policy uses the SUDO_EDITOR, VISUAL and EDITOR environment variables (in that order).  If
                none of SUDO_EDITOR, VISUAL or EDITOR are set, the first program listed in the editor
                sudoers(5) option is used.

            3.  If they have been modified, the temporary files are copied back to their original
                location and the temporary versions are removed.

            If the specified file does not exist, it will be created.  Note that unlike most commands run
            by sudo, the editor is run with the invoking user's environment unmodified.  If, for some
            reason, sudo is unable to update a file with its edited version, the user will receive a
            warning and the edited copy will remain in a temporary file.

-s [command]
            The -s (shell) option runs the shell specified by the SHELL environment variable if it is set
            or the shell as specified in the password database.  If a command is specified, it is passed
            to the shell for execution via the shell's -c option.  If no command is specified, an
            interactive shell is executed.

-k [command]
            When used alone, the -k (kill) option to sudo invalidates the user's cached credentials.  The
            next time sudo is run a password will be required.  This option does not require a password
            and was added to allow a user to revoke sudo permissions from a .logout file.  Not all
            security policies support credential caching.

            When used in conjunction with a command or an option that may require a password, the -k
            option will cause sudo to ignore the user's cached credentials.  As a result, sudo will
            prompt for a password (if one is required by the security policy) and will not update the
            user's cached credentials.

-u user     The -u (user) option causes sudo to run the specified command as a user other than root.  To
            specify a uid instead of a user name, use #uid.  When running commands as a uid, many shells
            require that the '#' be escaped with a backslash ('\').  Security policies may restrict uids
            to those listed in the password database.  The sudoers policy allows uids that are not in the
            password database as long as the targetpw option is not set.  Other security policies may not
            support this.