-v Write all input data. Without the -v option, any number of groups of output lines, which would be
identical to the immediately preceding group of output lines (except for the byte offsets), shall
be replaced with a line containing only an asterisk ( '*' ).
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-N count
Format no more than count bytes of input. By default, count shall be interpreted as a decimal
number. With a leading 0x or 0X, count shall be interpreted as a hexadecimal number; otherwise,
with a leading '0' , it shall be interpreted as an octal number. If count bytes of input (after
successfully skipping, if -j skip is specified) are not available, it shall not be considered an
error; the od utility shall format the input that is available.
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Before a command is executed, its input and output may be redirected using a special notation interpreted
by the shell. Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a simple command
or may follow a command. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
Redirecting Input
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expansion of word to be opened for
reading on file descriptor n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if n is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[n]<word
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