git-ls-files(1) -m -o --exclude-standard
Show information about files in the index and the working tree
-m, --modified
    Show modified files in the output
-o, --others
    Show other (i.e. untracked) files in the output
--exclude-standard
    Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore in each directory, and the user’s
    global exclusion file.
source manpages: git-ls-files