curl(1) -I http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com
transfer a URL
-I, --head
       (HTTP/FTP/FILE)  Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses
       to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on a FTP or FILE file,  curl  displays  the
       file size and last modification time only.
source manpages: curl