-A Select all processes. Identical to -e.
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-a Select all processes except both session leaders (see getsid(2)) and processes not
associated with a terminal.
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-d Select all processes except session leaders.
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--deselect Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified conditions (negates the
selection). Identical to -N.
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-e Select all processes. Identical to -A.
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g Really all, even session leaders. This flag is obsolete and may be discontinued in a
future release. It is normally implied by the a flag, and is only useful when operating
in the sunos4 personality.
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-N Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified conditions (negates the
selection). Identical to --deselect.
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T Select all processes associated with this terminal. Identical to the t option without any
argument.
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r Restrict the selection to only running processes.
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x Lift the BSD-style "must have a tty" restriction, which is imposed upon the set of all
processes when some BSD-style (without "-") options are used or when the ps personality
setting is BSD-like. The set of processes selected in this manner is in addition to the
set of processes selected by other means. An alternate description is that this option
causes ps to list all processes owned by you (same EUID as ps), or to list all processes
when used together with the a option.
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-123 Identical to --sid 123.
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--pid pidlist Select by process ID. Identical to -p and p.
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--ppid pidlist Select by parent process ID. This selects the processes with a parent process ID in
pidlist. That is, it selects processes that are children of those listed in pidlist.
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--sid sesslist Select by session ID. Identical to -s.
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--tty ttylist Select by terminal. Identical to -t and t.
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U userlist Select by effective user ID (EUID) or name.
This selects the processes whose effective user name or ID is in userlist. The effective
user ID describes the user whose file access permissions are used by the process
(see geteuid(2)). Identical to -u and --user.
-U userlist Select by real user ID (RUID) or name.
It selects the processes whose real user name or ID is in the userlist list. The real
user ID identifies the user who created the process, see getuid(2).
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-u userlist Select by effective user ID (EUID) or name.
This selects the processes whose effective user name or ID is in userlist. The effective
user ID describes the user whose file access permissions are used by the process
(see geteuid(2)). Identical to U and --user.
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--User userlist Select by real user ID (RUID) or name. Identical to -U.
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--user userlist Select by effective user ID (EUID) or name. Identical to -u and U.
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-c Show different scheduler information for the -l option.
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--context Display security context format (for SE Linux).
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-f Do full-format listing. This option can be combined with many other UNIX-style options to
add additional columns. It also causes the command arguments to be printed. When used
with -L, the NLWP (number of threads) and LWP (thread ID) columns will be added. See the
c option, the format keyword args, and the format keyword comm.
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-F Extra full format. See the -f option, which -F implies.
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--format format user-defined format. Identical to -o and o.
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j BSD job control format.
-j Jobs format
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l Display BSD long format.
-l Long format. The -y option is often useful with this.
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-M Add a column of security data. Identical to Z (for SE Linux).
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O format is preloaded o (overloaded).
The BSD O option can act like -O (user-defined output format with some common fields
predefined) or can be used to specify sort order. Heuristics are used to determine the
behavior of this option. To ensure that the desired behavior is obtained (sorting or
formatting), specify the option in some other way (e.g. with -O or --sort). When used as
a formatting option, it is identical to -O, with the BSD personality.
-O format Like -o, but preloaded with some default columns. Identical to
-o pid,format,state,tname,time,command or -o pid,format,tname,time,cmd, see -o below.
|
o format Specify user-defined format. Identical to -o and --format.
-o format User-defined format.
format is a single argument in the form of a blank-separated or comma-separated list,
which offers a way to specify individual output columns. The recognized keywords are
described in the STANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS section below. Headers may be renamed
(ps -o pid,ruser=RealUser -o comm=Command) as desired. If all column headers are empty
(ps -o pid= -o comm=) then the header line will not be output. Column width will increase
as needed for wide headers; this may be used to widen up columns such as WCHAN
(ps -o pid,wchan=WIDE-WCHAN-COLUMN -o comm). Explicit width control
(ps opid,wchan:42,cmd) is offered too. The behavior of ps -o pid=X,comm=Y varies with
personality; output may be one column named "X,comm=Y" or two columns named "X" and "Y".
Use multiple -o options when in doubt. Use the PS_FORMAT environment variable to specify
a default as desired; DefSysV and DefBSD are macros that may be used to choose the
default UNIX or BSD columns.
|
s Display signal format
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u Display user-oriented format
|
v Display virtual memory format
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X Register format.
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-y Do not show flags; show rss in place of addr. This option can only be used with -l.
|
Z Add a column of security data. Identical to -M (for SE Linux).
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c Show the true command name. This is derived from the name of the executable file, rather
than from the argv value. Command arguments and any modifications to them are thus not
shown. This option effectively turns the args format keyword into the comm format
keyword; it is useful with the -f format option and with the various BSD-style format
options, which all normally display the command arguments. See the -f option, the format
keyword args, and the format keyword comm.
|
--cols n Set screen width
|
--columns n Set screen width
|
--cumulative Include some dead child process data (as a sum with the parent)
|
e Show the environment after the command.
|
f ASCII art process hierarchy (forest).
|
--forest ASCII art process tree.
|
h No header. (or, one header per screen in the BSD personality)
The h option is problematic. Standard BSD ps uses this option to print a header on each
page of output, but older Linux ps uses this option to totally disable the header. This
version of ps follows the Linux usage of not printing the header unless the BSD
personality has been selected, in which case it prints a header on each page of output.
Regardless of the current personality, you can use the long options --headers and
--no-headers to enable printing headers each page or disable headers entirely,
respectively.
|
-H Show process hierarchy (forest).
|
--headers Repeat header lines, one per page of output.
|
k spec Specify sorting order. Sorting syntax is [+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]. Choose a multi-letter
key from the STANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS section. The "+" is optional since default
direction is increasing numerical or lexicographic order. Identical to --sort. Examples:
ps jaxkuid,-ppid,+pid
ps axk comm o comm,args
ps kstart_time -ef
|
-n namelist Set namelist file. Identical to N.
The namelist file is needed for a proper WCHAN display, and must match the current Linux
kernel exactly for correct output. Without this option, the default search path for the
namelist is:
$PS_SYSMAP
$PS_SYSTEM_MAP
/proc/*/wchan
/boot/System.map-`uname -r`
/boot/System.map
/lib/modules/`uname -r`/System.map
/usr/src/linux/System.map
/System.map
|
--lines n Set screen height.
|
n Numeric output for WCHAN and USER (including all types of UID and GID).
|
N namelist Specify namelist file. Identical to -n, see -n above.
|
O order Sorting order (overloaded).
The BSD O option can act like -O (user-defined output format with some common fields
predefined) or can be used to specify sort order. Heuristics are used to determine the
behavior of this option. To ensure that the desired behavior is obtained (sorting or
formatting), specify the option in some other way (e.g. with -O or --sort).
For sorting, obsolete BSD O option syntax is O[+|-]k1[,[+|-]k2[,...]]. It orders the
processes listing according to the multilevel sort specified by the sequence of
one-letter short keys k1, k2, ... described in the OBSOLETE SORT KEYS section below.
The "+" is currently optional, merely re-iterating the default direction on a key, but
may help to distinguish an O sort from an O format. The "-" reverses direction only on
the key it precedes.
|
--no-headers Print no header line at all. --no-heading is an alias for this option.
|
--rows n Set screen height.
|
S Sum up some information, such as CPU usage, from dead child processes into their parent.
This is useful for examining a system where a parent process repeatedly forks off
short-lived children to do work.
|
--sort spec Specify sorting order. Sorting syntax is [+|-]key[,[+|-]key[,...]]. Choose a multi-letter
key from the STANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS section. The "+" is optional since default
direction is increasing numerical or lexicographic order. Identical to k. For example:
ps jax --sort=uid,-ppid,+pid
|
w Wide output. Use this option twice for unlimited width.
-w Wide output. Use this option twice for unlimited width.
|
--width n set screen width
|
H Show threads as if they were processes.
|
-L Show threads, possibly with LWP and NLWP columns.
|
m Show threads after processes.
-m Show threads after processes.
|
-T Show threads, possibly with SPID column.
|
--help Print a help message.
|
--info Print debugging info.
|
L List all format specifiers.
|
V Print the procps version.
-V Print the procps version.
|
--version Print the procps version.
|