-L, --location
(HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a different location
(indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code), this option will make curl redo the
request on the new place. If used together with -i, --include or -I, --head, headers from all
requested pages will be shown. When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to the
initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it won't be able to intercept the
user+password. See also --location-trusted on how to change this. You can limit the amount of
redirects to follow by using the --max-redirs option.
When curl follows a redirect and the request is not a plain GET (for example POST or PUT), it will
do the following request with a GET if the HTTP response was 301, 302, or 303. If the response
code was any other 3xx code, curl will re-send the following request using the same unmodified
method.
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Pipelines
A pipeline is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control operators | or |&. The
format for a pipeline is:
[time [-p]] [ ! ] command [ [|⎪|&] command2 ... ]
The standard output of command is connected via a pipe to the standard input of command2. This
connection is performed before any redirections specified by the command (see REDIRECTION below). If |&
is used, the standard error of command is connected to command2's standard input through the pipe; it is
shorthand for 2>&1 |. This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
redirections specified by the command.
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command, unless the pipefail option is
enabled. If pipefail is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost)
command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit successfully. If the reserved word
! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as
described above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value.
If the time reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by
its execution are reported when the pipeline terminates. The -p option changes the output format to that
specified by POSIX. When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize time as a reserved word if
the next token begins with a `-'. The TIMEFORMAT variable may be set to a format string that specifies
how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of TIMEFORMAT under Shell Variables
below.
When the shell is in posix mode, time may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The TIMEFORMAT variable may be used
to specify the format of the time information.
Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a subshell).
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-c Write only a count of selected lines to standard output.
-e pattern_list
Specify one or more patterns to be used during the search for input. The application shall ensure
that patterns in pattern_list are separated by a <newline>. A null pattern can be specified by two
adjacent <newline>s in pattern_list. Unless the -E or -F option is also specified, each pattern
shall be treated as a BRE, as described in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
Section 9.3, Basic Regular Expressions. Multiple -e and -f options shall be accepted by the grep
utility. All of the specified patterns shall be used when matching lines, but the order of
evaluation is unspecified.
-f pattern_file
Read one or more patterns from the file named by the pathname pattern_file. Patterns in
pattern_file shall be terminated by a <newline>. A null pattern can be specified by an empty line
in pattern_file. Unless the -E or -F option is also specified, each pattern shall be treated as a
BRE, as described in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 9.3, Basic
Regular Expressions.
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