-C This mode allows comparison of files from a dump. Restore reads the backup and compares its
contents with files present on the disk. It first changes its working directory to the root of the
filesystem that was dumped and compares the tape with the files in its new current directory. See
also the -L flag described below.
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-i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump. After reading in the directory
information from the dump, restore provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move
around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The available commands are given below;
for those commands that require an argument, the default is the current directory.
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-P file
Restore creates a new Quick File Access file file from an existing dump file without restoring its
contents.
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-R Restore requests a particular tape of a multi-volume set on which to restart a full restore (see
the -r flag below). This is useful if the restore has been interrupted.
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-r Restore (rebuild) a file system. The target file system should be made pristine with mke2fs(8),
mounted, and the user cd'd into the pristine file system before starting the restoration of the
initial level 0 backup. If the level 0 restores successfully, the -r flag may be used to restore
any necessary incremental backups on top of the level 0. The -r flag precludes an interactive file
extraction and can be detrimental to one's health (not to mention the disk) if not used carefully.
An example:
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-t The names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the backup. If no file argument is
given, the root directory is listed, which results in the entire content of the backup being
listed, unless the -h flag has been specified. Note that the -t flag replaces the function of the
old dumpdir(8) program. See also the -X option below.
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-x The named files are read from the given media. If a named file matches a directory whose contents
are on the backup and the -h flag is not specified, the directory is recursively extracted. The
owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possible). If no file argument is given, the
root directory is extracted, which results in the entire content of the backup being extracted,
unless the -h flag has been specified. See also the -X option below.
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-a In -i or -x mode, restore does ask the user for the volume number on which the files to be
extracted are supposed to be (in order to minimise the time by reading only the interesting
volumes). The -a option disables this behaviour and reads all the volumes starting with 1. This
option is useful when the operator does not know on which volume the files to be extracted are
and/or when he prefers the longer unattended mode rather than the shorter interactive mode.
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-A archive_file
Read the table of contents from archive_file instead of the media. This option can be used in
combination with the -t, -i, or -x options, making it possible to check whether files are on the
media without having to mount the media.
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-b blocksize
The number of kilobytes per dump record. If the -b option is not specified, restore tries to
determine the media block size dynamically.
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-c Normally, restore will try to determine dynamically whether the dump was made from an old
(pre-4.4) or new format file system. The -c flag disables this check, and only allows reading a
dump in the old format.
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-d The -d (debug) flag causes restore to print debug information.
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-D filesystem
The -D flag allows the user to specify the filesystem name when using restore with the -C option
to check the backup.
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-f file
Read the backup from file; file may be a special device file like /dev/st0 (a tape drive),
/dev/sda1 (a disk drive), an ordinary file, or - (the standard input). If the name of the file is
of the form host:file or user@host:file, restore reads from the named file on the remote host
using rmt(8).
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-F script
Run script at the beginning of each tape. The device name and the current volume number are passed
on the command line. The script must return 0 if restore should continue without asking the user
to change the tape, 1 if restore should continue but ask the user to change the tape. Any other
exit code will cause restore to abort. For security reasons, restore reverts back to the real user
ID and the real group ID before running the script.
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-h Extract the actual directory, rather than the files that it references. This prevents hierarchical
restoration of complete subtrees from the dump.
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-H hash_size
Use a hashtable having the specified number of entries for storing the directories entries instead
of a linked list. This hashtable will considerably speed up inode lookups (visible especially in
interactive mode when adding/removing files from the restore list), but at the price of much more
memory usage. The default value is 1, meaning no hashtable is used.
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-k Use Kerberos authentication when contacting the remote tape server. (Only available if this
options was enabled when restore was compiled.)
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-l When doing remote restores, assume the remote file is a regular file (instead of a tape device).
If you're restoring a remote compressed file, you will need to specify this option or restore will
fail to access it correctly.
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-L limit
The -L flag allows the user to specify a maximal number of miscompares when using restore with the
-C option to check the backup. If this limit is reached, restore will abort with an error message.
A value of 0 (the default value) disables the check.
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-m Extract by inode numbers rather than by file name. This is useful if only a few files are being
extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname to the file.
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-M Enables the multi-volume feature (for reading dumps made using the -M option of dump). The name
specified with -f is treated as a prefix and restore tries to read in sequence from <prefix>001,
<prefix>002 etc.
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-N The -N flag causes restore to perform a full execution as requested by one of -i, -R, -r, t or x
command without actually writing any file on disk.
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-o The -o flag causes restore to automatically restore the current directory permissions without
asking the operator whether to do so in one of -i or -x modes.
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-Q file
Use the file file in order to read tape position as stored using the dump Quick File Access mode,
in one of -i, -x or -t mode.
It is recommended to set up the st driver to return logical tape positions rather than physical
before calling dump/restore with parameter -Q. Since not all tape devices support physical tape
positions those tape devices return an error during dump/restore when the st driver is set to the
default physical setting. Please see the st(4) man page, option MTSETDRVBUFFER , or the mt(1) man
page, on how to set the driver to return logical tape positions.
Before calling restore with parameter -Q, always make sure the st driver is set to return the same
type of tape position used during the call to dump. Otherwise restore may be confused.
This option can be used when restoring from local or remote tapes (see above) or from local or
remote files.
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-s fileno
Read from the specified fileno on a multi-file tape. File numbering starts at 1.
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-T directory
The -T flag allows the user to specify a directory to use for the storage of temporary files. The
default value is /tmp. This flag is most useful when restoring files after having booted from a
floppy. There might be little or no space on the floppy filesystem, but another source of space
might exist.
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-u When creating certain types of files, restore may generate a warning diagnostic if they already
exist in the target directory. To prevent this, the -u (unlink) flag causes restore to remove old
entries before attempting to create new ones.
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-v Normally restore does its work silently. The -v (verbose) flag causes it to type the name of each
file it treats preceded by its file type.
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-V Enables reading multi-volume non-tape mediums like CDROMs.
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-X filelist
Read list of files to be listed or extracted from the text file filelist in addition to those
specified on the command line. This can be used in conjunction with the -t or -x commands. The
file filelist should contain file names separated by newlines. filelist may be an ordinary file
or - (the standard input).
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-y Do not ask the user whether to abort the restore in the event of an error. Always try to skip
over the bad block(s) and continue.
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